Docs: Document/cross-reference working directory and environment variables of override-* steps
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### What needs to get done
Document (or cross-reference) the current working directory and available environment variables for `override-build`, `override-prime`, `override-pull` and `override-stage`, so that they are easy to find from the "Part properties" documentation: https://canonical-craft-parts.readthedocs-hosted.com/en/latest/reference/part_properties.html#override-build
Probably requires cross-referencing https://canonical-craft-parts.readthedocs-hosted.com/en/latest/reference/parts_steps.html#step-execution-environment from the above page (and the other `override-*` steps).
### Why it needs to get done
It's not clear by just looking at [the documentation](https://canonical-craft-parts.readthedocs-hosted.com/en/latest/reference/part_properties.html#override-build) in which directory the `override-build`, `override-prime`, `override-pull` and `override-stage` steps run, and in e.g. `override-prime` where "stage" and where "prime" is relative to the current directory (I assume it'll be `$CRAFT_STAGE` and `$CRAFT_PRIME`, but is the working directory one of them already?).
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